Why not try these?
Why not try these?
Scientists have been investigating for some years how the 200 million neurons in the enteric nervous system communicate with neurons in the brain through the gut-brain axis. The latest research on the subject shows that what happens in the intestinal environment, including the activity of the microbiota that reside there, influences the neurons and the nervous system. There is indeed a permanent dialogue between these two organs, through a bidirectional axis, even though they are physically separated.
It is interesting to note that 95% of serotonin is produced in the intestine and takes part in exchanges between the brain and the intestine via the vagus nerve. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, sometimes also called the “serenity hormone” that regulates a wide range of functions such as mood and behavior. Between the brain and the gut there is a crucial player: the gut microbiota, which takes part in this mysterious dialogue.
The intestinal microbiota corresponds to all the micro-organisms that colonize the digestive tract. It is populated by nearly 100,000 billion bacteria and many other microorganisms, slightly more than the number of cells in the body.
In fact, studies indicate that the intestinal microbiota participates in the communication between the intestine and the brain and influences brain function through its various metabolic functions, and a direct dialogue with the immune system and neurons. Today, researchers are looking into the possible links between an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota and certain psychological disorders: stress, bipolarity, schizophrenia, depression, but also certain neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s…) and neurodevelopmental disorders (autism).
Among the conditions associated with a disturbance of the intestinal microbiota is autism, which is the subject of very promising recent research. Autism is one of the chronic conditions whose incidence has been increasing over the last 60 years. It now affects one in 54 births (source: CDC) in the United States and one in 150 in England and France.
The microbiota and autism spectrum disorders: a major paradigm shift Recent studies in France (work of Joël Doré, INRAE) and in the United States, on mouse models and patients, have clarified the link between gut bacteria and autism. In addition, a recent study led Prof. Krajmalnik-Brown and Prof. Adams from Arizona State University, in partnership with Dr. Sarkis Mazmanian from Caltech, to the idea that restoring a harmonious bacterial ecosystem could alleviate the symptoms of autism.
So, in 2017, they tested a process called microbiota transplantation (MTT) on 18 children with autism, ages 7 to 16, who had gut symptoms. Of the participants, 15 were considered to have a severe form of autism. Results of microbiota transplantation in autistic children: the results of the study showed a remarkable reduction (47%) in autism symptoms. After two years, out of 18 children, only 3 were still considered to have severe autism, while 8 children were below the diagnostic threshold for autism, which means that these 8 children are now considered neurotypical.
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